CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 5 ​

Chapter 5: Operating System ​

5.1: Operating System Fundamentals ​

• 1980: Bill Gates and Paul Allen leased IBM a Personal Computer (PC) called MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) for a one-time fee of $\$50,000$.
  • Gates Kept the copyright for MS-DOS
• 1984: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Mac OS
  • Advertised on "More user-friendly"

5.2: Understanding Operating Systems ​

• System software: Software that automatically runs to configure a computer (no human intervention)
• Operating system (AKA Platform): A collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly
  • Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux
• Application software cannot run or be installed without a operating system.

5.3: Memory Management ​

• Operating system coordinate: Computers memory

  • Cache, Random Access Memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory
  • Disk Storage

• CPU Cache: A small, very quick memory that stores copies of information and data from the most regularly-used parts of main memory

  • Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory.

• Random Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory

• Disk Storage: Non-volatile memory

  • volatile memory stores data when a computer is on but erases it as soon as the computer is switched off, whereas non-volatile memory remains in a computer even after the system shuts off.

5.4: Memory Management Contd. ​

• Registers: Small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs
  • Customization towards the device including wallpaper setting which is referred the process of registering.
• Virtual Memory: Memory the OS uses to coordinate, track and efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM and disk storage.
  • The messenger between volatile and non-volatile storage.

5.5: Disk Management ​

• OS is responsible for saving information as efficiently as possible
  • Creates a table of contents of FAT (File Allocation Table)
• Defragmentation: A program the reorganizes the hard drive
  • Note required for SSD
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
  • Pros: More affordable, good for standard business procedures
  • Cons: more prone to damage
• Solid State Drives (SSD)
  • Pros: N moving parts, more reliable
  • Cons: More expensive.

5.6: File Management ​

• File manager are made up of Hierarchy of Directories, more commonly referred to as folders
  • Can be compared to a physical storage

5.7: Networks ​

• Network: 2 or more computers connected together
• Transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP): A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another
  • Transfers info by breaking up files into packates
• The internet is the world's largest network

5.8: Device Drivers ​

• Device Driver: Allows the OS to communicate with peripheral devices
• Modern OS have plug-and-play capability
• 1996: USB developed and considered industry standard

5.9: embedded Operating Systems ​

• Embedded Operating System: OS installed on devices and appliances that rely on computing
  • Ex; Cash registers, automatic teller machines (ATM), microwaves, and specialized handled devices
  • Embedded OS cannot be modified in most cases
  • Embedded OS used on most cell pones
    • Google, Android, and iPhone

5.10: Mac or PC? ​

• The answer is baed on the needs of the business
• Ask yourself: Which one are your end-users comfortable or have experiencing using? Which one gives you a clear competitive advantage?

5.11: Major Operating Systems ​

• Microsoft Windows: Windows 10
  • Windows 11 available for download
• Mac Operating System (AKA Mac OS)
  • Version 14: Sonoma
• Linux: An open-source OS that can be modified, used, and redistributed by anyone freely
  • Created by Linux Torvalds
• UNIX: Popular for large processing applications like credit card transactions and approvals.

5.12: Open-Source OS ​

• Proprietary software vs. open-source
  • Why doesn't everyone use open-source
• Diffusion: A product or software is widely accepted